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Merged
merged 26 commits into from
Oct 15, 2025
Merged

[py] Support Python 3.14 and drop Python 3.9 #16342

merged 26 commits into from
Oct 15, 2025

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@cgoldberg
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@cgoldberg cgoldberg commented Sep 21, 2025 •
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User description

💥 What does this PR do?

  • Adds support for Python 3.14 (released: 10/7/2025): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.14.html

  • Drops support for Python 3.9. This version is officially EOL as of 10/31/2025. Some of our dependencies have already dropped support for 3.9 and it is becoming problematic to continue supporting it.

  • Changes the default version of Python we use in CI workflow jobs to 3.10

  • Updates all Python dependencies for testing and packaging.

  • Updates Bazel and workflow configurations to enable running unit tests on the oldest/newest versions on Python we support.

  • Removes build requirement from CI jobs that don't require it

🔄 Types of changes

  • Build/Packaging/Testing

PR Type

Enhancement

Description

  • Add Python 3.14 support and drop Python 3.9

  • Update CI default Python version to 3.10

  • Upgrade dependencies and build tools

  • Update documentation and installation instructions

Diagram Walkthrough

flowchart LR
  A["Python 3.9"] -- "drop support" --> B["Python 3.10-3.14"]
  B -- "update" --> C["CI workflows"]
  B -- "upgrade" --> D["dependencies"]
  C --> E["documentation"]
  D --> E
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File Walkthrough
Relevant files
Configuration changes
5 files
ci-python.yml
Update CI Python version to 3.10                                                 
+6/-6     
update-documentation.yml
Update documentation workflow Python version                         
+2/-2     
MODULE.bazel
Update Python toolchain and dependencies                                 
+4/-4     
BUILD.bazel
Update Python classifiers and requirements                             
+5/-5     
pyproject.toml
Update Python requirements and dependencies                           
+5/-5     
Dependencies
5 files
multitool.lock.json
Update ruff version to 0.13.3                                                       
+10/-10 
requirements.txt
Upgrade Sphinx to 8.1.3                                                                   
+1/-1     
requirements.txt
Update development dependencies                                                   
+7/-7     
requirements_lock.txt
Regenerate locked requirements for Python 3.10                     
+106/-85
tox.ini
Update mypy and ruff versions                                                       
+2/-2     
Documentation
1 files
index.rst
Update supported Python version documentation                       
+3/-3     

@cgoldberg cgoldberg marked this pull request as draft September 21, 2025 21:20
@selenium-ci selenium-ci added C-py Python Bindings B-build Includes scripting, bazel and CI integrations labels Sep 21, 2025
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PR Reviewer Guide 🔍

Here are some key observations to aid the review process:

⏱️ Estimated effort to review: 2 🔵🔵⚪⚪⚪
🧪 No relevant tests
🔒 No security concerns identified
⚡ Recommended focus areas for review

Build Matrix Consistency

Ensure CI/build configurations (Bazel toolchains, pip parse hub, and any test matrix) consistently include Python 3.14 and that the referenced rules_python version actually supports 3.14 to avoid resolution or toolchain selection failures.

 
python.toolchain(python_version = "3.14")
use_repo(python, "pythons_hub")

pip = use_extension("@rules_python//python/extensions:pip.bzl", "pip")

[
    pip.parse(
        hub_name = "py_dev_requirements",
        python_version = version,
        requirements_lock = "//py:requirements_lock.txt",
    )
    for version in [
        "3.9",
        "3.10",
        "3.11",
        "3.12",
        "3.13",
        "3.14",
    ]
]
Version Constraint Change

Relaxing requires-python to ">=3.9" broadens supported versions; verify this aligns with policy and that packaging/CI wheels and metadata remain correct for all versions, including future 3.x, to avoid unintended installs.

 
requires-python = ">=3.9"
classifiers = [
    "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    "Operating System :: POSIX",
    "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
    "Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X",
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Testing",
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries",
    "Programming Language :: Python",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
    ]

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qodo-merge-pro bot commented Sep 21, 2025 •
edited
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PR Code Suggestions ✨

Explore these optional code suggestions:

CategorySuggestion                                                                                                                                    Impact
Possible issue
Restrict Python version to avoid issues

Add an upper bound to the requires-python specifier to prevent future
compatibility issues, changing it from ">=3.9" to ">=3.9, <4.0".

py/pyproject.toml [12]

-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.9, <4.0"
  • Apply / Chat
Suggestion importance[1-10]: 6

__

Why: The suggestion correctly identifies that requires-python = ">=3.9" is too permissive and could cause future installation issues with Python 4.0, proposing a safer upper bound which is a packaging best practice.

Low
  • Update

@cgoldberg cgoldberg changed the title [py] Support Python 3.14 [py] Support Python 3.14 and drop Python 3.9 Oct 5, 2025
@cgoldberg
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@shbenzer @navin772 Do you see any issues with dropping support for Python 3.9?

@navin772
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navin772 commented Oct 5, 2025

No issues if the CI passes with 3.10, which it does, there seems to be a minor issue with docs and mypy CI, it is looking for python 3.1 instead of 3.10.

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shbenzer commented Oct 5, 2025 •
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I agree w/ @navin772, as long as we can fully support the next up I'd like to keep us from supporting anything not supported by the Python project. To answer your question directly though, I am not aware of any issues w/ dropping 3.9 specifically.

@cgoldberg
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it is looking for python 3.1 instead of 3.10.

Fixed.

I'll merge this in a few days after 3.14 is officially released.

@cgoldberg cgoldberg self-assigned this Oct 8, 2025
@cgoldberg cgoldberg marked this pull request as ready for review October 9, 2025 13:42
@cgoldberg cgoldberg requested review from navin772 and shbenzer October 9, 2025 13:43
@SeleniumHQ SeleniumHQ deleted a comment from qodo-merge-pro bot Oct 9, 2025
@SeleniumHQ SeleniumHQ deleted a comment from qodo-merge-pro bot Oct 9, 2025
@cgoldberg cgoldberg requested a review from navin772 October 10, 2025 11:59
navin772
navin772 approved these changes Oct 10, 2025
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LGTM!

@cgoldberg cgoldberg merged commit 517c7e4 into SeleniumHQ:trunk Oct 15, 2025
22 checks passed
@cgoldberg cgoldberg deleted the py-314 branch October 15, 2025 17:06
cgoldberg added a commit to cgoldberg/selenium that referenced this pull request Oct 15, 2025
@cgoldberg
[py] Support Python 3.14 and drop Python 3.9 (SeleniumHQ#16342)
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cgoldberg added a commit to cgoldberg/selenium that referenced this pull request Oct 15, 2025
@cgoldberg
[py] Support Python 3.14 and drop Python 3.9 (SeleniumHQ#16342)
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@shbenzer shbenzer shbenzer approved these changes

@navin772 navin772 navin772 approved these changes

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@cgoldberg cgoldberg

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@cgoldberg @navin772 @shbenzer @selenium-ci